Spot replacment v's full re-lamp

There are a variety of reasons to practice group relamping, in which a set of lamps is replaced at a scheduled time, rather than spot relamping, in which lamps are only replaced when they burn out. Most of these reasons apply to fluorescent and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps rather than incandescents, which have much shorter lifetimes.

• Group relamping requires much less labour per lamp than spot relamping. A worker might take as long as a half hour to retrieve and install a single lamp. If all the materials were on hand for a large number of lamps, a worker could move systematically from fixture to fixture and cut the required time to about 2 minutes per lamp. The process would also be less disruptive, because group relamping is usually done outside working hours.

• Group relamping is easy to schedule and delegate to outside contractors, who have special equipment and training.

• Group relamping provides brighter and more uniform lighting because lamps are replaced before their output has fully depreciated.

• Direct energy benefits result as the ballast is not powering a blown or old lamp

• Group relamping offers increased control over the replacement lamps, reducing the chances of mixing incompatible lamps—such as those with different color temperatures.

How do LED's Work?

LED’s or light emitting diodes, work on a completely different basis to other light sources. A diode is created when two conductive materials are placed in contact with each other. When electricity is passed through them, the atoms in one of the materials become excited to a higher energy state. The excess energy is then released to the other material making up the diode and in the process light is generated.

LED’s are much more efficient than incandescent lamps. An incandescent lamp will typically waste 98% of the energy used in the form of excess heat. A 100-watt light bulb emits about 1,700 lumens – that’s only 17 lumens per watt. A typical LED will achieve a light output efficiency of 60 – 80 lumens per watt. Outputs greater than 100 lumens per watt have been reported, usually under laboratory or optimal test conditions.

It’s a sobering thought to think that up to 98% of the energy you are using to power your lights could be being wasted in the form of unwanted heat.

LED will typically save 70-85% energy costs which considering inefficient lighting can be up to 60% of your overall utilities costs is not an insignificant amount of money.

LED lamps are low voltage solid-state devices that cannot operate on a standard AC current. Part of the cost of an LED lamp is the internal circuits that are required to allow them to operate on an AC circuit.

LED’s will be damaged by excessive heat.

Heat is an LED’s worst enemy. The majority of LED’s will have heat sinks and cooling fins designed to keep the LED within its temperature design parameters.

Most LED lamps deal with the heat issue in one of two ways. Some LED lamps have multiple arrays of LED’s with built in redundancy. Thus a number of the individual LED’s could fail before light output is impaired. In addition to the ‘safety in numbers approach’, some engineers believe that is easier to dissipate heat through a large number of contact points than through a single point of contact. Thus they believe that a ‘multiple array’ will be more reliable.

Some LED lamps are single ‘high power’ LED units. Here the LED is much larger and as the name suggests, there is only one of them providing the light.

Heat management in LED lamps is absolutely crucial. No amount of ‘go faster’ cooling fins will make up for a poor thermal path. This is why cheaper "alternatives" on the market will fail and give the LED a poor reputation.
Typically LED’s are encapsulated in a transparent resin – the lens. This resin is a poor thermal conductor so the heat must be conducted away from the LED through the backside of the chip – the area that you can’t see.

Weblight joins the Carbon Trust & Siemens green finance deal!!

The Carbon Trust and Siemens launch new green finance deal worth £550 million to green businesses in the UK

 

A joint partnership between the Carbon Trust and Siemens to provide UK businesses with green equipment finance worth up to £550 million over the next three years has been announced today.

This major new deal will boost green growth and unlock business investment in the low carbon economy – key to the UK’s recovery. The new dedicated low carbon finance scheme is a first and will enable UK businesses to invest in cost effective energy efficiency equipment or other low carbon technologies, such as new efficient lighting and biomass heating.

 

All businesses will be able to apply for new green growth finance from the scheme from 4 April 2011. Under a Heads of Agreement signed between the two parties Siemens Financial Services Ltd. in the UK (SFS UK) will provide the financial backing and manage the provision of funding and the Carbon Trust will use its expertise in carbon saving from energy efficient technologies to assess the carbon, energy and cost savings of any application. This will enable the financing to pay for itself through energy savings.

Tom Delay, chief executive of the Carbon Trust, commented:
“Driving green growth in the UK is key to our economic recovery. A missing ingredient at present is access to affordable finance to enable business to make green investments. This new major finance facility will improve business competitiveness, cut carbon and boost green growth.”

James Gearey, CEO from Siemens Financial Services Ltd. UK commented:
“We are delighted to be working with the Carbon Trust, their values very much match our own. Siemens has been reporting the performance of its environmental portfolio since 2002, not just the commercial performance, but also the hundreds of millions of tonnes of carbon emission reduction that has been delivered through Siemens technology.

Siemens Financial Services has extensive experience of asset financing and lending to UK business and is particularly successful in the SME sector. This background combined with our ready access to funding means we are well placed to support the scheme and deliver the associated benefits to its future customers.”

Miles Templeman, the Director General of the Institute of Directors, said: “In today’s high energy cost environment improving energy efficiency is a must for all businesses. The new Energy Efficiency Finance scheme could play a significant role in stimulating innovative solutions.”

John Sauven, Executive Director of Greenpeace, welcomed the partnership:
“This green finance deal is exactly the sort of initiative that we need to see happening more frequently in the future. A green growth strategy can only work if it is backed by green finance. Deals like this, alongside the development of a green infrastructure bank, could be a tipping point that the UK economy needs to get out of the current doldrums.”

The Carbon Trust and Siemens Financial Services have also agreed to finance a new commercial venture that will increase the take up of energy efficiency projects. This venture will offer procurement support to businesses wishing to purchase energy efficiency equipment at scale from a network of accredited suppliers and will be launched later this year.

LED - In schools, its proven and its hear to stay.

SCHOOLS in Oxfordshire could soon be slashing their electricity bills with the introduction of new energy saving lights.

Secondary schools could save an average of £20,000 a year and primary schools about £3,000 by using the carbon-reducing tube lights, according to the county council.
John Mason School in Abingdon is now saving about £18,000 a year after installing the lights throughout its buildings in the summer holidays.

The school decided to buy the Light Emitting Diode (LED) filled tubes after a month-long trial in two classrooms organised by Oxfordshire County Council. The lights saved 40 per cent more energy and cash than the old fluorescent tubes.
The school’s business manager Alex Keeble said the lights cost about £80,000, but the school was now saving 40 per cent on its electricity bills.

She said: “Like everyone we are getting increasingly worried about our energy costs, so we have been very impressed with the results.
“The possibility of investing in a scheme that will have a significant impact on our budget and benefit the environment can only be good news for us. Less money on energy also means more money to support the education of our students.”

She added: “Not only have we seen a reduction in costs from the trial period, but the actual illumination has given better working conditions for students and staff.”
Oxfordshire County Council hopes other schools will now consider the lights as part of a wider drive to cut carbon emissions and energy costs across all its buildings.

Darrell Marchand, the council’s energy and environmental manager, said: “Before we recommend a new energy efficient technology to schools we need to know it will perform at the level anticipated.
“To make the experiment fair we compared the two types of light and the results were pretty emphatic.”

Cabinet member for growth and infrastructure Lorraine Lindsay-Gale added: “This has significant implications for the carbon footprint of schools.
“Lighting accounts for about 50 per cent of schools’ electricity needs and LED lighting could have a real impact on the lighting costs for our schools.”

The need for more efficient lighting was identified after a council energy survey at every maintained school in the county over the past four years.

Council spokesman Marcus Mabberley added: “Individual schools hold the money to pay their energy bills, so decisions about installing energy efficient measures would rest with them.”

The IPAD3 will have LED back light!! according to on-line experts

Apple will be implementing a new LED back-light design for iPad 3, report

Posted on 07. Nov, 2011 by TabletMan in Tablets

When you take off the front frame on the Apple iPad 2 you get to see the 9.7-inch LCD panel and more. Image: Ifixit

Operating on the assumption that Apple is actively pursing a Retina Display for the next Apple iPad tablet the rumor mill is reporting that Apple will introduce a new LED backlight design with the next iPad tablet. Apperantly the current single LED back-light design used in the 1024×768 resolution iPad 1 and iPad 2 isn’t sufficent for the 2048×1536 resolution display that’s reportedly being used on the next-gen. Apple iPad tablet.
DigiTimes is reporting all of this exclusively through intel gained from unnamed sources at Taiwan-based BLU (back-light unit) makers. According to those sources Apple will be implenting one of two new dual-LED light bar designs; one is a single-bar design that includes two LED chips, another design uses two LED light bars.

The unnamed DigiTimes sources said a dual light bar design is most probable becuase local BLU makers in Taiwan have already solved heat dissipation and battery consumption problems for such a design.
It’s no secret that the next-gen. Apple iPad will need to have a whole new design to satisfy all the rumored features, so really this report by DigiTimes is quite resonable. With the next iPad, the iPad 3 (possible name), keeping the 10 hours of battery life that iPad 1 and iPad 2 have featured will be imperative for Apple. Even though no competitors have been able to touch the iPad 2′s battery life I don’t think Apple will the iPad 3 have bad battery life at any cost.

Rare Earth - why lamp prices are still rising! by GE

What is the issue?  A shortage of the materials known as ‘Rare Earths’ (RE) on global markets is driving up prices of a whole range of goods, from TV and laptop screens to disc drives and catalytic converters. Rare Earths are also an essential component of fluorescent lighting products, and the meteoric increase in RE prices has led to a significant rise in manufacturing costs. For an idea of the scale of these rises, if rare earths were coffee, a latte-to-go that cost €1.50 just a few months ago would now cost almost €16! The situation remains volatile and further price increases seem highly likely. This briefing paper provides a high level overview of the impact that rare earth shortages are having – and will continue to have – on GE Lighting and our products.

What are Rare Earths?  Rare Earths are a group of 17 elements with unique properties that make them virtually indispensible in the production of a wide range of modern goods. Neodymium, for instance, is highly magnetic and used in cell phones, loudspeakers, hard drives and catalytic converters. Others are used in camera lenses, electric vehicles, rechargeable batteries, petroleum refining, defense technology and lighting. Despite the name, many of these elements are not all that rare; the problem is that they are not found in concentrations sufficient to make extraction commercially viable.

What Rare Earths are used in lighting products?  More than half of the phosphor used in linear fluorescent (LFL) and compact fluorescent (CFL) products is derived from rare earths, and as many as five different rare earths are required to create the white light.

Why have prices risen?  Two factors have driven the rise in prices. Firstly, there has been a huge growth in consumption driven by mushrooming demand for consumer/electronic goods, and in rare earth-hungry applications such as hybrid/electric vehicles and wind turbines. And secondly, the world’s major producer, China – currently responsible for around 97% of global output – has been limiting production and imposing quotas on its exports every year. China’s limits on the export of Rare Earths tends to promote production of materials elsewhere in the world.

What impact has the shortage of Rare Earths had?  The Rare Earths shortage has had a dramatic impact on world prices. According to the Financial Times, prices rose by a factor of between three and five between January and May 2011.  Over the last 12 months, the prices of some Rare Earths – including Terbium and Europium, both used in fluorescent lamp phosphors – have increased by around one thousand per cent, others by even more.  In June, it was reported that the price of some rare earths had doubled within just two weeks.  This has lead to stockpiling by some dealers, driving up prices further still.

What’s the current situation?  Demand for some rare earths will undoubtedly outpace supply for some time to come but many actions are underway to help manage the situation. The United States, the European Union and other governments are working with China to ensure balanced and fair trade policies.

Could this ‘lost’ production be replaced?  In the short term no; in the medium to long term yes. Work is underway to open – or in some cases reopen – mines in the USA, Canada, Australia and Vietnam; and advances in recycling technologies could release many thousands of tons of materials currently ‘stored’ in old electronics and other products. In July 2011, Japanese researchers announced the discovery of what appears to be vast deposits of Rare Earths in the mud of the Pacific Ocean. However it would be some years before these would reach world markets. For the foreseeable future though, the current situation will have a serious and detrimental impact on the availability – and cost – of Rare Earth materials.

How does this specifically affect GE Lighting?  As a company for whom Rare Earths are an essential component of production, scarcity and rising prices will clearly have an impact, one that has been intensified in the EU27 countries due to energy efficient legislation driving increased use of rare-earth phosphor containing lamps. However, it should be remembered that this isn’t just a challenge for GE Lighting; it’s a global issue, one that’s having an impact on manufacturers and users of all kinds of goods.

What does the future hold?  No one can be sure what’s going to happen next. As already mentioned, the situation remains volatile and prices are likely to fluctuate over the coming months and even years. We have therefore taken a number of actions: We have established teams across the company to help manage this unprecedented supply chain situation.  We are actively working to develop and procure lower Rare Earth content phosphor.  We are working to qualify an expanded base of suppliers.  We continue to work to secure the ample supply of materials. We will do our best to manage these costs where we can, but rises on a similar scale to those seen in recent months will mean further significant price adjustments may be unavoidable.

What does Lux (light levels) mean?

What does Lux (light levels) mean?

 

 

Activity	Illumination (lux, lumen/m2)
Public areas with dark surroundings	20 - 50
Simple orientation for short visits	50 - 100
Working areas where visual tasks are only occasionally performed	100 - 150
Warehouses, Homes, Theaters, Archives	150
Easy Office Work, Classes	250
Normal Office Work, PC Work, Study Library, Groceries, Show Rooms, Laboratories	500
Supermarkets, Mechanical Workshops, Office Landscapes	750
Normal Drawing Work, Detailed Mechanical Workshops, Operation Theatres	1,000
Detailed Drawing Work, Very Detailed Mechanical Works	1500 - 2000
Performance of visual tasks of low contrast and very small size for prolonged periods of time	2000 - 5000
Performance of very prolonged and exacting visual tasks	5000 - 10000
Performance of very special visual tasks of extremely low contrast and small size	10000 - 20000

The standard definition

Direct sunlight	100,000 - 130,000 lux
Full daylight, indirect sunlight	10,000 - 20,000 lux
Overcast day	1,000 lux
Indoor office	200 - 500 lux
dark day	100 lux
Twilight	10 lux
Deep twilight	1 lux
Full moon	0.1 lux
Quarter moon	0.01 lux
Moonless clear night sky	0.001 lux
Moonless overcast night sky	0.0001 lux

Why would you upgrade your lighting?

• Outdated lighting in a large commercial or industrial building can be responsible for up to 60-80% of the onsite electricity usage

• The savings made by new energy efficient lighting is typically the single biggest cut in electricity consumption (and carbon footprint) in one single step - up to 60-80% is possible, with every penny saved contributing directly to net profit and your cost of delay.

• Purely as a financial investment, energy saving lighting provides a quick, guaranteed return 24 months is typical, with less than 12 months being possible in some cases.
• There are many indirect financial benefits including reduced lighting maintenance costs, better productivity in improved working conditions, avoiding financial penalties of new stringent environmental regulations, CCL.
• The cost and disruption of maintaining an existing lighting system can be reduced dramatically. Replacing lamps at high mounting heights may involve hiring expensive lifting equipment.  New lights can provide 5-10 operational years between lamp changes.
• Improved staff productivity and a more comfortable working environment can be achieved when areas are lit brightly enough and/or given a more suitable "quality" of light for the work being undertaken (white, daylight quality for visual inspection etc.). Other benefist include the ability to get full light brightness instantly.
• New lighting can address existing health and safety issues such as: ensuring that CIBSE lighting levels guidelines are met, eliminating dimness in dangerous working areas, lowering exisitng glare, replacing the risks associated with older, unsafe electrical equipment etc. This can protect a business against liability.
• A business will be able to demonstrate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and a carbon reduction strategy to supply chains and customers. New lighting also has the advantage of being a very "visual" demonstation of an onsite energy reduction project.
• The quick return on investment ensures that new lighting is a convincing first step to take as part of a wider sustainability initiative or environmental strategy for a business.
• In some cases - New energy saving lighting systems may qualify for Carbon Trust financial assistance. Here, a business can avoid making any capital outlay, only paying as savings are made. This allows budgets to be protected for other areas in the business, eliminating what is usually the biggest barrier for capital investment projects.
 
 
 
 
 

ARE YOU FIT FOR WINTER??

So we had a fairly good summer for the UK and a lovely mini heat wave at the beginning of this month!

But reality kicks in, the nights draw cold and its dark when you get up....yes Winter is coming.

If that’s not depressing enough you realise that there are less than 11 weeks till Christmas and the shoppers will be out in force.

If you’re a facilities or estate manager you are responsible for customer & colleague welfare ensuring their safety. There are some simple questions you need to ask yourself about your building or carpark lighting:

Do you have comprehensive lighting maintenance in place?

Yes or No

Are you sure that your contractor has ensured you are ready for winter?

Yes or No

Can you be sure your all lights will function when usage doubles?

Yes or No

Can you answer YES to all the following questions?

Have you had a re-lamp in the last 4 years?

Has your maintenance been completed regularly?

If you have PIR sensors, have they been checked and maintained?

Are the LUX levels in line with the British Standards?

Have you considered the potential costs of not being ready?

Do you have a reliable company you can trust to help you?

If you are unable to answer yes to any of the above then it may be time to seriously look at the potential issues you could face if your lighting is not what it should be. Poor or improperly maintained lighting can cause serious injury which in turn can lead to a serious insurance claim against your company.

Prevention is the best cure!

Call or email us to find out how Weblight Ltd have helped companies get Fit for Winter and save money on the energy consumption.
kim.wade@weblight.co.uk

07802 932 543

Reduce your energy and maintenance costs by switching

T12 Conversions

T12 8 foot tubes often represent a significant percentage of lamps installed across an estate, however with energy prices rising and an array of environmental legislation, the push is towards more energy efficient products. Weblight has undertaken nationwide T12 replacement works for a number of key clients including Midland Co-operative Group, ASDA and Sainsburys.

 

Major manufacturers have now ceased production of the 8 foot lamp – the only product now available is the basic white tube from a ‘B’ grade manufacturer, who will only supply lamps in quantities upward of 4000. In addition, the Federation of National Manufacturers Associations for Luminaires and Electrotechnical Components for Luminaires in the European Union have disqualified the production of this inefficient control gear and all stocks are now exhausted, meaning that lamps can be sourced but gear cannot be repaired to operate it. Of course, this means that simply relamping is no longer a viable option.

 

Disadvantages of T12 Lamps

• Contain a high mercury content and are therefore environmentally unfriendly

• They have a short lamp life of only 9,000 hours thus increases maintenance costs
• Only 75% lumen maintenance causes loss of lamp lumen output at end of life Lamp flicker and stroboscopic effects can create discomfort and should be avoided The lamps are now only available as halophosphate hence poor colour rendering.

There is a potential risk to the site as insurance companies have recognised that the control gear in these fixtures is old and inefficient. The starterless circuits that operate these lamps can also be the cause of overheating and a potential fire risk.

Benefits of Converting to High Frequency Luminaires

• Automatic shutdown of failed lamps

• Silent in operation

• Significant energy savings available from HF gear

The T5 lamp has significant benefits over the T12

• A superior service life of 25,000 hours
• 95% lumen maintenance
• Excellent colour rendering presenting the colours of the products accurately. To do this, lamps require a colour rendering of 80+ (CRI)
• Cost savings due to reduced WEEE fee impact
• Environmentally-friendly product, RoHS compliant and contains recyclable components Substantial energy savings, as example shown below

8ft T12 REFIT

Total no. of lamps	T12   1340	T5   1340
Luminaire type	125w	49w
Store operational hours per year	4,380	4,380
Elec tariff £kw/h	£0.11	£0.11
Design specification	150 lux floor	150 to 170 lux floor
	T12	T5
Type	Halophosphor	Triphosphor
Lamp rated watts	1 x 125w	1 x 49w
Control Gear	Switch start	High Frequency
Lamp life (hrs)	9,000	25,000
Lumen maintenance	75%	96%
total circuit watts kw	0.136	0.025
Annual Running Costs/Savings	T12	T5
Existing Energy costs	£80,701.50	£31,634.99
Savings per Annum	£49,066.51
Cost of Delay	£147,199.53

The above is an example only based on one of our Clients estates –figures shown are not representative of all sites.

What is the Cost of delay?

The cost of delay quite simply is the revenue a company would need to generate to compensate for the high energy bills they currently pay. As a rule for every £1 spent on wasted energy a further £3 of revenue/sales is needed to pay for this. In terms of GP this significantly impacts the overall bottom line figure on your P&L.

IP Rating and what is it?

NEMA and IP

There are two major electrical manufacturing organisations monitoring product enclosures and/or their degree of

protection; each organization also publishes technical manufacturing standards. The National Electrical Manufacturers

Association (NEMA) Standard No. 250 – 2003 addresses non-hazardous locations, enclosure design and

its environmental performance requirements. These are referred to as NEMA Types. (www.nema.org)

The International Electro technical Commission (IEC) 60529 Standard addresses Ingress Protection (IP); this

describes the degree of enclosure protection provided, not the enclosure itself. The first digit of the IP Code designation

describes the degree of protection against the ingress of solids; the second digit designates the degree

of protection against the ingress of liquids. IP Codes support NEMA Type designations. (www.iec.ch)

Digital Systems Engineering designs mobile computers and sealed monitors to exceed Standard Sections NEMA

6P and IP68; these units incorporate a range of environmentally-sealed connectors and enclosures engineered to

provide a safe and secure dust and waterproof environment in harsh rugged conditions, meeting NEMA 6P and

IP68 summarized as: protection against objects (dust-tight) and ingress penetration against liquids at occasional

submersion, at up to depths of 10 m (33 ft).

The following information is taken from both electrical industry Standards; it matches NEMA Ratings with its IP

counterpart, with a brief description of each rating.

NEMA Rating	IP Equivalent	NEMA Definition	IP Against Objects	IP Against Liquids
1	IP10	Enclosures constructed for indoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment and to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt	1 = Protected against solid foreign objects of 5 cm (2 in) diameter and greater	0 = Not protected
2	IP11	Enclosures constructed for indoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, and to provide a degree of protection against dripping and light splashing of liquids	1 = Protected against solid foreign objects of 5 cm (2 in) diameter and greater	1 = Protected against vertically falling water drops
3	IP54	Enclosures constructed for indoor or outdoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow and windblown dust; and that will be undamaged by external formation of ice on the enclosure	5 = Protected against dust; limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	4 = Protected against water sprayed from all directions; limited to ingress permitted
3R	IP14	Enclosures constructed for indoor or outdoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet and snow; and that will be undamaged by external formation of ice on the enclosure	1 = Protected against solid foreign objects of 5 cm (2 in) diameter and greater	4 = Protected against water sprayed from all directions; limited to ingress permitted
3S	IP54	Enclosures constructed for indoor or outdoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow and windblown	5 = Protected against dust; limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	4 = Protected against water sprayed from all directions; limited to ingress permitted
4	IP56	Enclosures constructed for indoor or outdoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, windblown dust, splashing water and hose-directed water; and that will be undamaged by external formation of ice on the enclosure	5 = Protected against dust; limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	6 = Protected against strong jets of water from all directions; limited to ingress permitted
4X	IP56	Enclosures constructed for indoor or outdoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, windblown dust, splashing water and hose-directed water, and corrosion; and that will be undamaged by external formation of ice on the enclosure	5 = Protected against dust; limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	6 = Protected against strong jets of water from all directions; limited to ingress permitted
5	IP52	Enclosures constructed for indoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against settling airborne dust, lint, fibres and flyings: and to provide a degree of protection against dripping and light splashing of liquids	5 = Protected against dust; limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	2 = Protected against direct sprays of water up to 15° from the vertical
6	IP67	Enclosures constructed for indoor or outdoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against hose-directed water and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth; and that will be undamaged by external formation of ice on the enclosure	6 = Totally protected against entry of dust	7 = Protected against effects of submersion from 15 cm (6 in) to 1 m (3 ft)
6P	IP68	Enclosures constructed for indoor or outdoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against hose-directed water and the entry of water during occasional prolonged submersion at a limited depth; and that will be undamaged by external formation of ice on the enclosure	6 = Totally protected against entry of dust	8 = Protected against the effects of occasional submersion in water, up to 10 m (33 ft
12	IP52	Enclosures constructed (without knockouts) for indoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibres and flyings: and to provide a degree of protection to against dripping and light splashing of liquids	5 = Protected against dust; limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	2 = Protected against direct sprays of water up to 15° from the vertical
12K	IP52	Enclosures constructed with knockout(s) for indoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibres and flyings: and to provide a degree of protection to against dripping and light splashing of liquids	5 = Protected against dust; limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	2 = Protected against direct sprays of water up to 15° from the vertical
13	IP54	Enclosures constructed for indoor use; to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust, lint, fibres and flyings: and against the spraying, splashing and seepage of water, oil and non-corrosive coolants.	5 = Protected against dust; limited to ingress (no harmful deposit)	4 = Protected against water sprayed from all directions; limited to ingress permitted